INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS - REFERENCES

References are listed to enable the readers to locate cited papers and learn more about the subject. Authors should peruse current and background literature relating to their studies and cite publications that are pertinent to the current manuscript and provide the reader with necessary background information. All entries in the reference list should be cited in the text, and all reference citations in the text should have an appropriate entry in the reference list. These guidelines were developed to be compatible with those used by the American Meteorological Society in their publications.

References cited in the text:

References should be cited in the text by the last name of the author and year of publication, such as "(Farquahar 1989)" or "reported by Farquahar (1989)".

Two authors should be cited as "(Farquahar and Bodine 1989)" or "Farquahar and Bodine (1989)" and three or more authors should be cited as "(Farquahar et al. 1989)" or "Farquahar et al. (1989)".

Cite references that have no individual authors by using the sponsoring agency, such as "National Weather Service (1989)".

When the same author has published multiple papers in the same year, they should be cited as "Farquahar (1989a)", "Farquahar (1989b)", etc.

Reference list:

References should be listed in alphabetical order of the last name of the primary author.

Multiple papers from the same author for different years should be listed in chronological order.

Each journal reference in the list should be accurate and complete, and contain information in the following order: author(s), year of publication, title of article, abbreviated title of journal, volume number (issue number in parentheses if each issue restarts at page 1), and inclusive pages.

For books and conference preprints or proceedings, the publishing company or association should also be included. Book and report references should end with the total number of pages (e.g., 466 pp.).

Internet references should end with Web site URL information such as "[Available online at http://www. ...]."

If a reference has been accepted for publication, but is not yet in print, the words "in press" should replace the volume and page numbers.

Examples of the reference format are given below.

The parts of a reference

[example reference]

Journal article, single author

Auer, A. H., 1987: An aid to forecasting heavy snowfall episodes. Natl. Wea. Dig., 12(2), 11-14.

Journal article, two authors

Nicosia, D. J., and R. H. Grumm, 1999: Mesoscale band formation in three major northeastern
             United States snowstorms. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 346-368.

Journal article, three or more authors

Koch, S. E., M. DesJardins, and P. J. Kocin, 1983: An interactive Barnes objective map analysis
             scheme to use with satellite and conventional data. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1487-
             1503.

Journal article, multiple papers by same author in the same year

Colman, B. R., 1990a: Thunderstorms above frontal surfaces in environments without positive
             CAPE.Part I: A climatology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1103-1121.

_______, 1990b: Thunderstorms above frontal surfaces in environments without positive CAPE.
             Part II: Organization and instability mechanisms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1123-1144.

Journal article, multiple papers by the same primary author for different years (first single author chronologically, then two authors chronologically, finally three or more authors chronologically)

Moore, J. T., 1985: A case study of the effects of random errors in rawinsonde data on
             computations of ageostrophic winds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1633-1643.

_______, and J. M. Murray, 1982: The contribution of surface, horizontal moisture convergence
             to the severe convection of 10-11 April 1979. Natl. Wea. Dig. 7(1), 15-23.

_______, and T. E. Lambert, 1993: The use of equivalent potential vorticity to diagnose regions
             of conditional symmetric instability. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 30-308.

_______, F. H. Glass, C. E. Graves, S. M. Rochette, and M. J. Singer, 2003: The environment of
             warm-season elevated thunderstorms associated with heavy rainfall over the central
             United States. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 861-878.

_______, C. E. Graves, S. Ng, and J. L. Smith, 2005: A process-oriented methodology toward
             understanding the organization of an extensive mesoscale snowband: A diagnostic case
             study of 4-5 December 1999. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 35-50.

Journal article with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) (www.doi.org)

Engelstaedter, S., and R. Washington, 2007: Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North
             African dust. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D3, D03103, doi:10.1029/2006JD007195.

Electronic journal article [indicate online address]

Andretta, T. A., W. Wojcik, and K Simosko, 2004: Climatological synoptic patterns of tornado
             genesis in eastern Idaho. NWA Electronic J. Operational Meteor., 2004-EJ5. [Available
             online at http://www.nwas.org/ej/pdf/2004-EJ5.pdf ]

Bunkers, M. J., and J. W. Stoppkotte, 2007: Documentation of a rare tornadic left-moving
             supercell. Electronic J. Severe Storms Meteor., 2(2), 1–22. [Available online at
             http://www.ejssm.org/ojs/index.php/ejssm/article/view/14/16 ]

Book [examples including editors (Ed.) and editions (ed.)]

Atlas, D., Ed., 1990: Radar in Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, 806 pp.

Carlson, T. N., 1991: Mid-latitude Weather Systems. Harper Collins Academic, 507 pp.

Holton, J. R., 2004: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 4th ed. Elsevier Academic Press,
             535 pp.

Moller, A. R., 2001: Severe local storms forecasting. Chapter 11 in Severe Convective Storms, C.
             A. Doswell III, Ed., American Meteorological Society, 433-480.

Conference preprint

McCarthy, P. J., S. Massey, and D. Patrick, 2006: Tornadic mini-supercells in northern Canada.
             Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 10.2.
             [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/114899.pdf.]

Stuart, N., 2001: Multi-dimensional analysis of an extreme thundersnow event during the 30
             December 2000 snowstorm. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting,
             Ft. Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 223-226.

M.S. thesis, Ph.D./Sc.D. dissertation [indicate where a copy may be obtained]

Scofield, R. A., 1973: Application and applicability of hydrodynamic instability theories to the
             formation of severe thunderstorms. Ph.D. dissertation, St. Louis University, 135 pp.
             [Order online at http://wwwlib.umi.com/dxweb , order number 7424142.]

Tegtmeier, S., 1974: The role of the subsynoptic low pressure system in severe weather
             forecasting. M.S. thesis, University of Oklahoma, 66 pp. [Available from School of
             Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 120 David. L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK 73072.]

Technical document, including those with no individual authors [indicate where a copy may be obtained]

Barnes, S. L., 1973: Mesoscale objective map analysis using weighted time-series observations.
             NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL NSSL-62, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 60 pp.
             [Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 22161, COM-
             73-10781.]

Miller, L. J., 1980: Dynamical-microphysical evolution of a convective storm. Part II: Airflow
             from multiple-Doppler radar observations. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-151+STR, 69-
             120. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000,
             Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]

NCDC, 1979: Climatological Data: National Summary, Vol. 30. [Available from NOAA /
             National Climatic Data Center, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801-5001.]

(Current as of February 1, 2008)